4^th International Conference on Endocrinology and Diabetes August 28-29, 2023 London, UK

Acute hyperglycemia and other conditions that might be fatal, like severe consequences that harm the body's organ systems, are examples of diabetes complications. Due to the lack of international consensus on standard diabetes diagnosis, it is difficult to estimate the prevalence of diabetic complications. At this session of the Diabetes Congress 2023, issues relating to cardiovascular systems, retinopathy, and nephropathy will be covered.

                           1. Skin Conditions

                           2. Pre-diabetes

                           3. Dental Health

                           4. Nephropathy

                           5. Eye Damage (Retinopathy)

                           6. Neuropathy

                           7. Cardiovascular problems

GDM (Gestational Diabetes Mellitus) is a growing global health problem that can have both immediate and long-term negative effects on the mother and the child. Despite how important it is, many countries still lack the epidemiological information required to address diabetes-related disorders. Due to a lack of knowledge about GDM, diabetes and obesity are common in many nations. According to research, one in three women of childbearing age and one in every seven children have diabetes. This session will address a range of  issues related Gestational Diabetes.

                           1. Overview: Diabetes and Women's Health

                           2. Diabetes symptoms in women

                           3. Diabetes-Free Pregnancy- Strategy

                           4. Postpartum Recommendations.

Many people still don't understand what hereditary diabetes is on a global scale. This makes it possible for people to go through pre- diabetic stages without ever realising it, which results in a wide range of issues. Some persons are predisposed to developing diabetic problems as a result of inherited elements that are triggered. From birth, we are predisposed to diabetes, and our environment serves as the trigger. But this isn't always the case. The diabetic circumstances may be thresholded by other events. The therapies and measures that must be done to prevent inherited Diabetes will be covered in this genetic Diabetes presentation.

                           1. Predictions and safeguards

                           2. Factors triggering genetic diabetes

                           3. Genes and Family History

                           4. Genetic Diabetes Complications

High blood sugar levels are a defining feature of diabetes mellitus, also referred to as diabetes. Insulin is a hormone that moves blood sugar into your cells, where it can be stored or used as fuel. If you have diabetes, your body either produces insufficient insulin or uses the insulin it does make inefficiently. Blood sugar levels rising worsen diabetes symptoms. When people with typical diabetes symptoms visit, the great majority are given a precise diagnosis. Diabetes management attempts to promote the quality of life and productivity of diabetics.

                           1. Diabetes education includes both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

                           2. Diabetes during pregnancy

                           3. Diabetes risk factors and symptoms

                           4. Blood sugar levels at random and during fasting

                           5. Diet and physical exercise in diabetes

                           6. Diabetes medication management 

A discipline of computer science that attempts to build systems or methods for processing information and managing complexity in a wide range of applications" is how artificial intelligence (AI) is defined. AI is a sensible and alluring option for efficient data management and the development of tools and gadgets for the treatment of diabetes. The field of artificial intelligence (AI), which is rapidly expanding, has the potential to change how diabetes is detected and managed. Diabetes is a global pandemic. The development of algorithms to enable predictive models for the risk of diabetes and its complications has made use of machine learning techniques.

                           1. Artificial Intelligence in Diabetes Education

                           2. AI and big data in diabetes control

                           3. AI Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy

                           4. Monitoring for Complications

The study of an organism's internal systems and processes is known as physiology. Disease physiology frequently involves complex interactions between several organs and tissue types. Both the body's supply of and ability to utilise insulin play a role in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Insulin is absent in type 1 diabetes, whereas peripheral tissues in type 2 diabetes are resistant to the effects of insulin. The aetiology of diabetes is complex and involves numerous hormones (i.e., insulin, glucagon, and growth). Because of how these hormones interact with the liver and how they affect renal function, it is difficult to pinpoint the pathological processes underlying this illness and they differ greatly among patients.

                           1. Diabetes management

                           2. Diabetes and Chronic Oxidative Stress

The main cause of diabetes is the body's inability to produce insulin. Depending on how long it takes for an impact to manifest, insulin is categorised into various classes. For diabetics who are unable to manage their condition with oral treatments, insulin is injected. Modern technology and diabetes medicine are mostly emphasised.

                           1. Rapid-acting insulin

                           2. Short-acting insulin

                           3. Intermediate-acting insulin

                           4. Long-acting insulin

Inflammation is a hallmark of the metabolic and cardiovascular condition known as diabetes. Nearly every cardiovascular risk factor is increased, and heart disease is the leading cause of death among diabetes. New opportunities for enhancing cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients have been opened up by recent advances in clinical research and patient education. The pathogenesis of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is complicated. Clinicians can identify and treat CVD in diabetic patients with the help of an understanding of these complex disease processes, and patients can prevent potentially fatal consequences.

Cardiovascular conditions that affect diabetics and are not brought on by another recognised CVD, such as hypertension or coronary artery disease, are referred to as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Due to morphological and functional defects in diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetes patients are predisposed to heart failure even early in the course of their disease.

                           1. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Interaction

                           2. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

                           3. Diabetes-Related Cardiomyopathy

Obesity frequently results from an underlying disorder marked by an excessive buildup of body fat. It seriously harms one's health, notably by increasing the risk of other chronic conditions including diabetes and heart disease. A BMI of more than 30 kg/m2 is considered obese. In affluent countries, obesity is one of the most common problems, and it is becoming more common.

Type 2 diabetes, commonly referred to as insulin-resistant diabetes or adult-onset diabetes, is more likely to develop in people who are obese. This occurs when your blood sugar level stays high for an extended amount of time. According to a study, type 2 diabetes can strike obese persons up to 80 times more frequently than it does non-obese people.

                           1. Metabolic Syndrome

                           2. Weight Loss Surgery

                           3. Weight control

                           4. Obesity, Nutrition, and Exercise

The term "diabetes technology" describes the tools, resources, and software that diabetics use to better manage their blood sugar levels, prevent complications from occurring, lessen the burden of having diabetes, and improve their quality of life. Insulin delivery via a syringe, pen, or pump and blood glucose monitoring via a metre or continuous glucose monitor are the two main categories of diabetes technology. Recent developments in diabetes technology include software that serves as a medical device and supports diabetic self-management, as well as hybrid devices that test glucose and dispense insulin, some of which are automated. When used effectively, diabetic technology may enhance people's lives and health; nonetheless, the environment's complexity and quick growth may present a hurdle to patient and provider adoption.

Living things rely on hormones produced by the endocrine glands to maintain a steady blood glucose level throughout their existence, despite the fact that their consumption of glucose varies greatly. By returning the blood glucose levels to normal, hormone production in the blood stimulates the pathways. Numerous studies on the endocrine system are being conducted because it is such a crucial part of our bodies. Understanding the endocrine system better can help us develop fresh approaches to preventing diseases like diabetes.

                           1. Hormones and endocrine glands

                           2. Endocrine gland hyposecretion (leading to hormone deficiency)

                           3.  Endocrine gland hypersecretion (leading to hormone excess)

The study of children's endocrinology is known as paediatric endocrinology. Children with type 1 and type 2 growth problems, pubertal abnormalities, obesity, sex development variations, changes in bone and mineral composition, hypoglycemia, and different disorders of the pituitary, adrenal, parathyroid, and thyroid glands are treated by paediatric endocrinologists.

                           1. Immunological influences on behaviour

                           2. Thyroid gland enlargement

                           3. Endocrine activity in early-experience

                           4. Hormone of growth

A collection of disorders that increases the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.The metabolic syndrome is characterised by high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excessive body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels. The illness increases a person's risk of experiencing a heart attack or stroke.

Other than a large waist circumference, the majority of diseases associated with the metabolic syndrome show no symptoms. Exercise, a healthy diet, losing weight, and quitting smoking can all be beneficial. Additionally, medication may be recommended.

                           1. Coronary Heart Disease

                           2. Diabetes

                           3. Stroke

Fracture risk is raised and poor bone quality is linked to diabetes, especially type 1 diabetes. The most vulnerable individuals to fractures are those who use insulin, have uncontrolled blood sugar levels, and have chronic illnesses.

Bone metabolism and bone quality may suffer as a result of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes causes osteopenia and osteoporosis by increasing osteoclast activity while lowering osteoblast activity.

                           1. Redness and swelling in the affected area

                           2. Disorders of the Osteoporosis and Osteopenia

                           3. Osteoporosis in Women

                           4. Socio and economic impact of Osteopenia

The study of the interaction and communication between the neurological and endocrine systems is known as neuroendocrinology. The brain and endocrine systems typically collaborate to control the physiological forms of the human body, a process called as neuroendocrine integration. Since it was discovered that the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, controls pituitary hormone production, neuroendocrinology has grown to examine a variety of relationships between the endocrine and neurological systems. The neuroendocrine framework is the mechanism by which the hypothalamus regulates production, digestion, eating and drinking habits, energy utilisation, osmolality, and blood weight in order to maintain homeostasis.

                           1. Types of cancer and neuroendocrine systems

                           2. Behavioural Neuroendocrinology

                           3. Idiopathic Short Stature

                           4. Neuroendocrine Pancreatic cancer

                           5. Hormone Therapy for Hyposecretion

The branch of medicine known as endocrine oncology deals with thyroid hormone-induced tumours, also referred to as endocrine neoplasia. Endocrine neoplasia comes in two different varieties, both of which are genetic disorders that can be handed down from parent to child. Both types—the first known as warmers disorder and the second as pheochromocytoma or simple condition—lead to medullary thyroid cancer.

                           1. Adrenal gland tumors

                           2. Multiple endocrine neoplasias 1 (MEN1)

                           3. Multiple endocrine neoplasias 2 (MEN 2)

                           4. Parathyroid gland tumors

                           5. Pituitary gland tumors

                           6. Thyroid cancer

                           7. Pancreatic cancer

The kidneys can be affected by systemic conditions like immune system disorders and diabetes mellitus, and clutters can pave the way for severe or recurrent kidney infections. It has been estimated that 10% to 15% of the general population globally suffers from chronic kidney infection, and treating renal illness is challenging. Heavy metals and other endocrine-disrupting compounds may aid in the improvement and development of chronic renal disease. Due to common pathophysiologic connections, nephrology and endocrinology have a well-known and significant overlap. Even though the kidney is crucial for maintaining body homeostasis, which includes fluid and electrolyte balance as well as administrative control of blood pressure, it's important to realise that it performs many endocrine functions in addition to serving as an important receptor for erythropoietin and other renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system hormones.

                           1. Diabetes Mellitus and Autoimmune Disease

                           2. Autoimmune Disease

                           3. Chronic Kidney Disease

                           4. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

                           5. Diabetic Nephropathy.

The field of cellular and molecular endocrinology studies the atomic structure and cell biology of hormones and the endocrine glands that produce them. Calcium's significance in atherogenesis, thyroid problems, muscle metabolism, and bone metabolism are the main topics of cellular and molecular endocrinology study. The uses of DNA technology in several fields will be covered in this session. This session's major goal is to discuss the latest recent methods and findings in cellular and molecular endocrinology and use them to address endocrine problems.

                           1. Recombinant DNA technology

                           2. Pathophysiology of diabetes

                           3. Autoimmune Disease: T1D

                           4. Insulin Resistance: T2D

Vitamins and other nutrients play an inescapable part in the regulation of diabetes since nutrition and blood glucose regulation in our bodies are closely linked. Malnutrition exacerbates diabetes. Statistics show that only 15–38% of people are undernourished. For managing and preventing diabetes, dietary considerations and regular exercise are essential. Diabetes also affects the body's metabolism, which should normally be in good working order. An abnormal metabolism affects the patient's entire body. Faulty metabolism contributes to issues with insulin synthesis and receptors, which makes diabetes a chronic condition. Diabetes' nutritional and metabolic elements will be covered in this lecture.

                           1. Early childhood nutrition

                           2. Dietary modification for Diabetes

                           3. Influence of traditional therapy on diabetes

                           4. Metabolic disorders and drug metabolism

To enhance the quality of life for persons with diabetes and other endocrinology illnesses, the Different Diabetes and Endocrinology Center was founded. For diabetes patients, complications and discomfort add to the overwhelming expectation and care. for patients with diverse endocrinology messes, counting knobs inside the endocrine system. Untapped innovations have been created to protect everyone from metabolic disorders.

                           1. Informatics in the Service of Medicine

                           2. Bariatric

                           3. Glucometer

                           4. Telemedicine Software and other Technologies

                           5. Treating Obesity and Preventing Related Diabetes

Due to increased innovation and modernization of therapeutic treatments, the diabetes market has undergone a significant transformation during the past 20 years. Medication developers have found it to be a lucrative market because the condition is so widespread and patient numbers are anticipated to rise in the near future. As a result, according to Global Data, a famous data and analytics company, the size of the global market, as measured by pharmaceutical sales, has grown sixfold since 2000. The global market for diabetes monitoring devices is anticipated to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5 percent, from $19.7 billion in 2020 to $27.0 billion in 2025.

                            1. Diabetes Monitoring Devices Global Market

                            2. Global Market Trend Analysis

                            3. Trends in Regulatory and Economic Policy affecting the market.